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Waste treatment

Course Code:

6.1

Semester:

6th Semester

Specialization Category:

SC

Course Hours:

2 Θ+ 2 Ε

ECTS:

6


Course code: 6.1

Semester: 6th

Category: Mandatory (specialization course)

Course hours: Theory 2 +Lab. 2

ECTS units: 6

 

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completion of the course the students will be able to:

  • Understand and monitor the relevant processes,
  • Solve methodically most of the arising problems,
  • Conduct the relevant analytical procedures,
  • Apply the legislative framework,
  • Participate actively in the design of small wastewater facilities.

 

General Skills

  • Search for, analysis and synthesis of data and information, with the use of the necessary technology,
  • Decision-making,
  • Working independently,
  • Team work,
  • Working in an interdisciplinary environment,
  • Project planning and management,
  • Respect for the natural environment,
  • Production of free, creative and inductive thinking.

 

COURSE CONTENT

  1. Theoretical part
  2. Introductory notions: Environment, ecosystem, ecological balance, pollution, contamination, wastes, sewage, waste management etc. b) Wastewater treatment stages and processes.
  3. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wastewater: Color, odor, temperature, suspended solids. Dissolved solids and gases, acidity, alkalinity, nutrients and trace elements. Groups, species and activities of microorganisms.
  4. Reactions and reactors: Mass balance, PFR, CFSR, arbitrary flow reactor, reactor flow type assessment, the steady-state.
  5. Methods for the assessment of pollutant load in WW: COD, BOD, TC, TOC, TOD, PV. b. Receiving waters pollution: Stream pollution and pollution zones. Lake pollution. Eutrophication, prevention and countermeasures. c. Population equivalent.
  6. Primary treatment (preliminary treatment and primary settling): Screening, grit removal, skimming, flow equalization, pH adjustment, mixing, flocculation and coagulation. Settling types. Critical solid flow. Settling tanks types. Design characte-ristics of settling tanks. Characteristics and standards for the primary settling tanks.
  7. Secondary treatment – I (aerobic suspended-biomass methods) – 1): Activated sludge systems and their variations, aerated lagoons, natural and artificial wetlands, Design characteristic quantities and constants.
  8. Secondary treatment – II (aerobic suspended-biomass methods) – 2): Oxygen transfer, aeration systems. The ecology of biological sludge, settling problems causes and treatment, use of activated charcoal.
  9. Secondary treatment – III (aerobic attached-biomass methods): Biological filters and towers, biodisks. Design characteristic quantities and constants.
  10. Secondary treatment – IV (anaerobic treatment): Anaerobic decomposition mechanism. One- and two-stages anaerobic treatment, toxic substances and countermeasures, anaerobic reactors configurations and startup.
  11. Secondary treatment – V (secondary settling and waste sludge treatment): Characteristics and standards of secondary settling tanks. Thickening, aerobic/anaerobic/chemical/thermal stabilization, dewatering and drying of the waste sludge. Sludge disposal.
  12. Tertiary and advanced treatment: Chemical removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, biological nitrogen removal, simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, dissolved substances removal. Chemical and physical disinfection. Disposal of treated wastewater.
  13. Industrial wastewater treatment and the new technologies: Treatment method selection criteria. Wastewater characteristics from selected industries. Chemical and photochemical oxidation, SBR and MBR.
  14. Elements of environmental legislation: The framework-law 1650/85 on the environment, categories of works and activities, environmental conditions. Environmental impact study: environmental studies, content, submission, approval.

Laboratory part

  1. Physical and chemical characteristics of wastewaters.
  2. Biological characteristics of wastewaters.
  3. Sampling and sample treatment, sample types.
  4. Total, suspended and dissolved, volatile and non-volatile solids determination.
  5. COD determination.
  6. BOD determination – I (Method principle, kinetics, measurement devices).
  7. BOD determination – II (seeding, BOD5 and BODu, the nitrification impact, BOD and COD relation).
  8. Alkalinity determination.
  9. Permanganate Index determination.
  10. Determination principles for: Total Carbon, Total Organic Carbon and Total Oxygen Demand.
  11. Nitrogen determination using the Kjeldahl method.
  12. Ammonium ions determination.
  13. Free and total chlorine determination.

 

Suggested bibliography

In greek:

A1: Βιβλία από την πλατφόρμα ΕΥΔΟΞΟΣ:

  • Κούγκολος Α. (2021), “Περιβαλλοντική Μηχανική”, Κωδικός Βιβλίου στον Εύδοξο: 94688998.
  • Νταρακάς Ευθ., κ.ά. (2019), “Περιβαλλοντική Χημεία και Μηχανική”, Κωδικός Βιβλίου στον Εύδοξο: 86054621.

Α2: Αλλα βιβλία και βοηθήματα:

  • Παπακωνσταντίνου Σ.Π. (2014), “Επεξεργασία Αποβλήτων – Σημειώσεις Θεωρείας” (αρχείο pdf διαθέσιμο δωρεάν στους φοιτητές του Τμήματος).
  • Παπακωνσταντίνου Σ.Π. (2017), “Επεξεργασία Αποβλήτων – Σημειώσεις Εργαστηρίου” (αρχείο pdf διαθέσιμο δωρεάν στους φοιτητές του Τμήματος).

In english:

  • Droste R. & Gehr R. (2019), “Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment”, Wiley, ISBN: 9781119312383.
  • WEF (2002), “Basic Laboratory Procedures for Wastewater Examination”, Water Environment Federation, 9781572782006.
  • Spellman Fr.R. (2011), “Spellman’s Standard Handbook for Wastewater Operators,_Vols I-III”, CRC Press, ISBN 9781439818909.