Physical chemistry

Course code: 2.6

Semester: 2nd

Category: Compulsory

Course hours: 2Th +2Lab

ECTS: 5

 

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The purpose of the course is for the students to understand the basic concepts and principles of Physical Chemistry, simple applications thereof, as well as the properties and uses of the most common physicochemical systems. To acquire skills, appropriate background for understanding the phenomena, which they will encounter in matters of Physical Processes and Instrumental Chemical Analysis. After the end of the course students will be able to: ·         To know the laws of Thermodynamics, the statutory and non-statutory quantities of a system in order to understand their role in solutions, chemical kinetics and chemical equilibrium. ·         To know the properties of liquid and gaseous solutions as well as colloidal dispersion systems… ·         To participate in the conduct of laboratory exercises and to become competent in methodical problem solving ·         To know various methods for determining the surface tension of a liquid, the structure of colloidal systems, their preparation methods and their stability. ·         To understand the concept of photochemical – chemical chain reactions, chemical equilibrium as well as equilibrium during the hydrolysis of acids and bases, to express the speed of reactions and perform the relevant calculations. ·         To know various methods of separating mixtures (gases, liquids) due to different adsorption or distribution in solid or liquid phase, to become familiar with the corresponding chromatograms and to recognize the different peaks.

General Competences

Search for, analysis and synthesis of data and information, with the use of the necessary technology

Adapting to new situations

Decision-making

Working independently

Team work

Working in an international environment

Working in an interdisciplinary environment

Production of new research ideas

Research, analysis and synthesis of data and information for the use of necessary techniques and technology

Development of creative and inductive thinking

Autonomous work

 

SYLLABUS

Theoretical Part of the Course

Introduction to visual methods of analysis. Spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques. Measurement quantification techniques (direct technique, reference curve technique, known addition technique, internal standard technique). Least squares method. Errors and significant figures. Limits of detection and determination (statistical analysis of results). Significance tests and quantifications in Instrumental Analysis. Classification of analytical techniques.

• First Law of Thermodynamics: Work and heat. Enthalpy of formation and temperature dependence. Constitutive equations. Adiabatic expansion work.
• Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy of irreversible change. Gibbs Helmholtz actions. Combination of 1st and 2nd law. The chemical potential of pure substance and substance in mixture.
• Physical transformations of pure substances: Phase diagrams of pure substance. Phase stability and transition between phases. System degrees of freedom and phase rule.
• Solutions: Thermodynamic description of mixtures and solutions. Liquid mixtures. Additive properties of solutions. Solvent and solute activity.
• Phase diagrams: Two-component systems: liquid/liquid and liquid/solid. Three component systems. Partially miscible liquids. Salting out.
• Chemical equilibrium: Spontaneous chemical reactions. Effect of temperature and pressure on chemical equilibrium. Acids and bases. The Thermodynamics of ATP.
• Electrochemistry: Thermodynamic properties of ions in solution. Electrochemical elements: half-reactions and electrodes, normal potentials. Applications: determination of solubility constant, measurement of pK and pH.
• Particle motions in gases and liquids: Motions of molecules in gases. Ideal gas transport properties. Structure of liquids. Molecular motions in liquids. Conductivity of electrolyte solutions. Ion mobility. Diffusion.
• Chemical kinetics I: Experimental techniques. Rate of chemical reaction. Chemical reaction rate laws. Elementary reactions.
• Chemical kinetics II: Sequential elementary reactions. Unimolecular reactions. Active conflict theory. Activated complex theory.
• Complex chemical reactions: Mechanism of chain reactions. Photochemical reactions. Polymerization reactions. Homogeneous catalysis.
• Properties of surfaces: Surface tension. Bubbles, hollows and drops. Capillary action.
• Colloid systems: Classification, preparation, structure and stability

Laboratory Part of the Course

The laboratory part of the course will include

• Temperature, pressure measurements.
• Statutory and nonstatistical quantities – Entropy of mixing.
• Thermodynamics of electrochemical element I: Energy, enthalpy and entropy of reaction.
• Electrochemical cell thermodynamics II: Cell potential and activity coefficients.
• Vapor pressure and heat of vaporization of liquids.
• Binary liquid solutions.
• S/Y phase balance in a bilateral system.
• Y/A phase equilibrium in a binary system.
• Distillation of ideal and azeotropic mixture.
• Properties of colloids.

 

ATTACHED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Greek Bibliography

1. W. Atkins «Φυσικοχημεία», Παν/κές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης 2020, ISBN: 9789605245917
2. Kolasinski Kurt W. (Συγγρ.) – Γιαννακουδάκης Παναγιώτης, Σιμσερίδης Κωνσταντίνος «Φυσικοχημεία», Εκδόσεις Κριτική Α.Ε., 2020, ISBN: 94645324
3. Chang Raymond, Thoman W. John, «Φυσικοχημεία», Broken Hill Publishers 2021, ISBN: 94643666
4. Ριτζούλης Χρήστος «Φυσικοχημεία Τροφίμων», εκδόσεις Τζιόλα, 2011
5. Ι.Α. Μουμτζής «Πειραματική Φυσική Χημεία», Εκδ. Ζήτη 1994, ISBN: 9604312863
6. Γ.Σ. Καραϊσκάκη, 1998, «Φυσικοχημεία 1^η έκδοση», εκδόσεις Π. Τραυλός, Πάτρα
7. Ι. Μολίνου-Προβιδάκη, Β. Χαβρεδάκη, Εργαστηριακές Ασκήσεις Φυσικοχημείας Α’, Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, τμήμα χημείας, Αθήνα 2002
8. Β. Χαβρεδάκη, Ι. Μολίνου-Προβιδάκη, Σύντομο βοήθημα Εργαστηριακών Ασκήσεων Φυσικοχημείας Α’, Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, τμήμα χημείας, Αθήνα 2004
9. Atkins, Julio de Paula, Φυσικοχημεία, Παν/κές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης 2014
10. S. Brodkey, H. C. Hershey Φαινόμενα Μεταφοράς Εκδότης Τζιόλα 2012

Foreign language bibliography:

1. M. Halpern «Experimental Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed”, Prentice Hall 1997, ISBN: 0136542034.
2. M. Smith and H.C. Van Ness, «Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics»,, McGraw Hill, NY, 1987
3. Physical Chemistry, I. N. Levine (McGraw Hill 2001).
4. Physical Chemistry, G. W. Castellan (Addison – Wesley 1990)
5. A. Alberty, R.J. Silbey, “Physical Chemistry” 2nd Edition J.Wiley & Sons Inc.,1997
6. Chang, ‘Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biological Sciences’, Univ. Science Books, Sausalito CA, 2000.
7. Chang, ‘Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences’, Univ. Science Books, Sausalito CA, 2004